Spreading of Waves Launched by ELF/VLF Satellite.
Abstract
Radio signals from an ELF/VLF transmitting satellite may be propagated through the ionosphere to receiving antennas on the earth's surface. Among many factors important in estimating the received signal strength is the geometric spreading factor, d(Omega)/d(A sub E), measuring the area, d(A sub E), of the earth's surface intercepting the power radiated into the solid angle, d(Omega), from the satellite. The spreading factor has been isolated and accurately estimated by a ray-tracing computer program. Calculations have been performed for transmissions at 3 and 10 kHz and for three different ionospheric models using satellite altitudes ranging between 300 and 8000 km for some representative receiver point locations. Spreading factors were calculated both for direct and multiple hop waves in the earth-ionosphere waveguide.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Dec 31, 1974
- Accession Number
- ADA004179
Entities
People
- Dennis J. Baker
- Francis J. Kelly
- Gerald A. Chayt
Organizations
- United States Naval Research Laboratory