A Background Report on Total Electron Content Measurements

Abstract

A simple presentation of ionospheric characteristics, including the D-, E-, and F-regions, is followed by a general description of electromagnetic waves. One of the more important effects of ionospheric interactions with the Very High Frequency (VHF) and Ultra High Frequency (UHF) radio waves, which are used in modern electronic detection and tracking systems, is refraction. Total electron content (TEC) measurements over specific locations are used as data inputs to numerical models of the ionosphere. Some of the basic considerations for measuring TEC of the ionosphere using the Faraday technique and the group- path-delay technique, and a discussion of variation of TEC are Included.

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Document Details

Document Type
Technical Report
Publication Date
Dec 01, 1975
Accession Number
ADA026302

Entities

People

  • Edward D. Beard

Tags

Communities of Interest

  • Space

DTIC Thesaurus Topics

  • Air Force
  • Amplitude Modulation
  • Carrier Waves
  • Detection
  • Electric Fields
  • Electromagnetic Radiation
  • Ionization
  • Ionizing Radiation
  • Magnetic Storms
  • Measurement
  • Radar
  • Radio Signals
  • Radio Waves
  • Solar Activity
  • Solar Flares
  • Solar Radiation
  • X Rays

Readers

  • Aerospace Test and Evaluation
  • Space/Atmospheric Physics.

Technology Areas

  • Microelectronics