Mass Transfer and Reaction Rate Studies of Ozonated MUST Wastewaters in the Presence of Sound Waves.
Abstract
The objectives of this research were to investigate the use of mechanically generated sonic and ultrasound waves to aid in the elimination of organics from synthetically produced MUST hospital composite and laboratory reverse osmosis permeates as well as single substrates, sodium acetate, urea and Kodak x-ray developer and fixer. It was found that ultrasound increased system overall mass transfer coefficients. Ultrasound also reduces dissolved ozone saturation levels over the no-sound condition. Air or oxygen stripping of synthetic laboratory permeates was minimally enhanced by ultrasound, however, ozone oxidation at low and high sound levels appreciably increased the rate and extent of ozone oxidation. Intermediate sound levels showed moderate increases in organic oxidation rates. A combination of air stripping and ozone oxidation required 35% less ozone than a reactor employing continuous ozone application to achieve the same effluent quality for laboratory permeates. Hospital composites are readily oxidized to established quality levels with or without ultrasound. Sodium Acetate ozone oxidation is enhanced by ultrasound while urea is not affected. Aqueous solutions of Kodak x-ray developer and fixer can be readily oxidized by ozone given sufficient gas phase concentration. Ultrasound does not appear to exert a major effect on this oxidation.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Aug 31, 1976
- Accession Number
- ADA033026
Entities
People
- Raymond A. Sierka
Organizations
- University of Arizona