Influence of Extremely Low Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields upon Growth Development and Behavior in Domestic Birds. Phase II. (Modulated Wave).
Abstract
Chicks and embryos of the domestic fowl were continuously exposed to ELF magnetic or electric fields modulated between 72 and 80 hertz. The magnetic fields were maintained at an intensity of 1 or 8 gauss and the electric fields were maintained at either 10 V/m; 1 V/m; 10 V/m plus 60 Hz, 3.5 V/m; or 1 V/m plus 60 Hz, 3.5 V/m. Uniform fields at identical frequencies and amplitudes were provided for continuous exposure of embryos and chicks during the preincubation holding period, incubation and hatching periods and through the first 28 days of brooding. Statistical analyses of the study results revealed that neither the magnetic nor the electric fields tested had significant or consistent effects on: Hatchability of fertile eggs; Embryo survival during the most critical stages of development; Early post-hatching growth and development; Growth and development of the sexually immature bird; Carbon dioxide production of the developing embryo; Subsequent aggressiveness (as adults) of females exposed early in life; or Hematocrits of birds at 4-6 weeks or at 8 months of age. The ELF fields used do not appear to have been detrimental to the survival or well-being of the exposed chicks.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Dec 15, 1976
- Accession Number
- ADA034526
Entities
People
- Charles Polk
- Lewis T. Smith
- S. Muthukrishnan
- Thomas J. Keefe
- Wayne K. Durfee
Organizations
- University of Rhode Island