Utility Distribution Systems in Sweden, Finland, Norway and England
Abstract
The study reports on new developments and special problems or solutions in water distribution systems, sewage and solid waste transport systems, heat distribution systems and electric transmission systems. Cold weather considerations are highlighted. For water and sewage systems, the use of ductile iron and plastic materials for pipes is reported. The use of heating, insulating or shielding of the pipes for frost protection is of interest. Some developments in tunneling technology were identified. Pneumatic solid waste collection and vacuum sewage collection represent new developments. For heat distribution, the many different types of pipe and insulation systems used are described. Good moisture control in insulation is emphasized. Developments in long distance heat transmission are discussed. With electric distribution, the use of self-supporting aerial cables is a new development. With transmission, problems of icing and countermeasures are discussed.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Nov 01, 1976
- Accession Number
- ADA035088
Entities
People
- A. F. Wuori
- E. F. Lobacz
- Haldor W. Aamot
- Terry T. Mcfadden
Organizations
- Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory