A Feasibility Study of Response Techniques for Discharges of Hazardous Chemicals that Sink.
Abstract
Spills of hazardous chemicals that are more dense than and relatively insoluble in water present special problems that must be addressed in selecting appropriate ameliorative responses. Seventy such chemicals -- which are transported in significant quantities and thus subject to spill -- are identified, categorized, and discussed. Possible responses to spills of sinking hazardous chemicals depend on the particular material spilled, the amount of material spilled, and the environmental setting in which the spill occurred. Twelve typical spill scenarios, based on spill size and setting, are presented as a framework within which to assess the feasibility of various responses. Potential responses that are discussed and evaluated include: removal by conventional and specialized dredging techniques; burial with inert or chemically active materials; and other high potential techniques such as containment, sorption, in-place chemical treatment, and dispersion. The various techniques are discussed conceptually, and factual data based on past experience are presented where available. Reponse techniques are numerically rated for overall feasibility in the sinker spill response role; the ratings reflect the authors' judgment based on the best available information. Areas of needed research are identified and discussed. (Author)
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Jun 01, 1978
- Accession Number
- ADA060792
Entities
People
- Alfred W. Ford
- Douglas W. Thompson
- Philip G. Malone
- Richard B. Mercer
- Terry D. Hand