A Catalog of Perturbing Influences on Stratospheric Ozone, 1955-1975.
Abstract
Stratospheric ozone depends on the stratospheric concentrations of oxides of nitrogen (NOx), oxides of hydrogen (HOx), chlorine and bromine compounds (ClX and BrX), as well as on the flux of solar ultraviolet radiation, the stratospheric temperature, and the parameters of stratospheric dynamics. There exist worldwide data on the total burden of atmospheric ozone since about 1955, and for comparison of these data with calculations using two-dimensional radiative/chemical/dynamics computer codes, a list is needed and is here presented of all major time-varying perturbations that have been suggested over the time frame 1955-1975. Detailed consideration is given to the following: atmospheric nuclear explosions, galactic cosmic rays, solar proton events, relativistic (or energetic) electron precipitation, major volcanic eruptions, halocarbons (fluoro-, chloro-, and bromocarbons), fertilizer manufacture, and other industrial nitrogen fixation. For sources injected directly into the stratosphere, the time-, altitude-, and latitude-dependent source strengths are listed, while for the ground-based sources the time- and latitude-dependent production and atmospheric emission rates are given. Time variations of solar UV (which represent perhaps the most important single perturbation) and of stratospheric temperature, and possible variations in stratospheric dynamics are also discussed. (Author)
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Sep 01, 1978
- Accession Number
- ADA063650
Entities
People
- E. Bauer
Organizations
- Institute for Defense Analyses