Investigation of Expanding Cements. Report 1. Summary of Information Available as of 1 July 1963
Abstract
It has been known for more than a century that the reaction of calcium aluminate with sulfate ion to form calcium sulfoaluminates (or 'calcium aluminum sulfates') is accompanied by an increase in volume. During most of this period, the reaction has been regarded wholly as a harmful one, the consequences of which are deteriorative or destructive to concrete. This report attempts to review and summarize available information on expanding cements, as developed both in the United States and elsewhere, from the standpoint not only of the chemical and physical mechanisms involved, but also of the potential and actual applications that might be made of these products by the Corps of Engineers. Beginning with the work of Lossier in the 1940's, continuing with work in the U.S.S.R. in the 1950's, and the work of Klein and associates in the United States in 1958, this reaction has been studied with a view to employing the resultant volume increase to achieve beneficial results. The general consensus is that much basic knowledge needs to be obtained regarding the numerous potential expansive combinations of materials to relate their behavior to the specific physical-chemical mechanisms that are involved. It also appears to be true that, in spite of major gaps in fundamental knowledge, certain specific formulations involving specific materials have been and are being used successfully in full- scale engineering applications.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Sep 01, 1965
- Accession Number
- ADA073465
Entities
People
- Bryant Mather