A Study of the Defects Produced by the Irradiation of Quartz.
Abstract
We have used infrared absorption (IR), electron spin resonance (ESR), and acoustic loss (Q-1) measurements to investigate the radiation response of high-quality synthetic quartz. Attention was primarily placed on Sawyer Premium Q and Electronic Grade material. Our results show that the radiation-induced mobility of interstitial ions is the principal factor governing the radiation response of quartz. During irradiations below 200 K, IR and ESR results show that hydrogen is the only mobile interstitial. However, if the temperature during irradiation is above 200 K, interstitial sodium and, presumably, the other interstitial alkalis become mobile. This allows Al-OH and A1 sub et)o centers to be formed as the Na(+) ions are removed from the substitutional aluminum sites. Also, the radiation-induced mobility of the Na(+) ions causes the large frequency shifts observed in unswept quartz-controlled oscillators which are subjected to radiation. Electrodiffusion (sweeping) removes the interstitial alkali ions from quartz and replaces them with hydrogen, thus forming Al-OH centers and significantly improving the radiation response of the material. Although the hydrogen is trapped at an aluminum site in the absence of a radiation field, it will be mobile during irradiation at any temperature in these swept crystals. This temporary mobility (i.e., displacement from the stable trapping sites during the irradiation and immediate return to these trapping sites upon cessation of the irradiation) contributes to the transient frequency response of quartz oscillators subjected to radiation pulses.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Apr 01, 1980
- Accession Number
- ADA086116
Entities
People
- Joel J. Martin
- Larry E. Halliburton
- William A. Sibley
Organizations
- Oklahoma State University–Stillwater