Evaluation of Insecticides, Insect Growth Regulators, Skin and Clothing Repellents, and Other Approaches to the Control of Coastal Sand Flies, Culicoides spp.
Abstract
Population dyanamics and control studies on Culicoides sand flies were conducted at Parris Island, South Carolina, and Yankeetown, Florida. Adult seasonal patterns were monitored by light traps. Four species, C furens Poey, C. hollensis Melander and Brues, C. melleus (Coquillett), and C. mississippiensis Hoffman are considered abundant. C. furens and C. melleus are present from mid-April though late October; C. hollensis and C. mississippiensis peak in the spring and fall of the year. Larval habitat characterization studies were initiated. Fluctuations in larval density were correlated with plant cover. Candidate insecticides were evaluated as larvicides, residual applications on household screens, and as aerosol adulticides. Based solely on toxicity to Culicoides larvae, the decreasing order of effectiveness was chlorpyrifos, temephos, fenthion, malathion, naled, and propoxur. Based on knockdown capability, toxicity, and longevity of the insecticides as a residual application on household screens, the decreasing order of effectiveness was propoxur, chlorpyrifos, malathion, and fenthion. Seven insecticides were evaluated in our wind tunnel screening as aerosol adulticides. In order of decreasing toxicity they were Decamethrin, permethrin, resmethrin, d-phenothrin, naled, malathion, and fenthion. Four commercial products (Avon's Skin-So-Soft, Johnson's Baby Oil, Claubo, and mineral oil) were protective against sand fly bites. The mode of action was observed as trapping on oily skin rather than repelling attacking midges. (Author)
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Nov 01, 1980
- Accession Number
- ADA093171
Entities
People
- Daniel L. Kline
- R. H. Roberts