Fatal Hemorrhagic Shock and Acetate Solutions.
Abstract
One-half of deaths among trauma victims occur within 1 hour of injury and are due to rapid hemorrhage or CNS trauma. We developed a rapid hemorrhage model in unanesthetized swine to simulate human exsanguination. We compared the ability of four crystalloid solutions to prevent death after an otherwise fatal hemorrhage; normal saline (NS), Ringer's lactate (RL), Plasmalyte-A (PA), and Plasmalyte-R (PR). Five days before hemorrhage swine received an aortic sideport and a central venous treatment catheter. Aortic blood (54ml/kg) was removed in 15 minutes from 116 swine. The percentage of shed blood replaced was 14 percent in 5 minutes with NS, 100 percent in 20 minutes with NS, and 300 percent in 30 minutes with NS, RL, PA, or PR. We found that all mortalities were determined within two hours after hemorrhage and that RL provided the best survival rate of 67 percent (NS 300%=50%, PR=40%, and PA=30%). After an analysis of arterial blood gas, lactate, acid-base, heart rate, and aortic pressure measurements, we conclude that RL is the superior crystalloid solution because of its decreased chloride load (as compared to NS) and because of the absence of acetate or magnesium (as compared to PA and PR). Keywords include: Hemorrhagic shock and Resuscitation.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Aug 01, 1984
- Accession Number
- ADA146754
Entities
People
- L. D. Witcher
- L. W. Traverso
- M. J. Langford
- W. P. Lee
Organizations
- Letterman Army Hospital