Toxicity of Aqueous Filmforming Foams to Marine Organisms: Literature Review and Biological Assessment
Abstract
This document summarized information from literature regarding the toxicity of aqueous filmforming foams (AFFF) and presents results of supplementary toxicity tests using AFFF and appropriate marine orgainisms. Aqueous filmforming foams (AFFF) are used regularly by the Air Force and Navy in training exercises at fire-fighting schools and, when necessary, for fuel/oil fire control aboard ship. The AFFFs are a combination of fluorocarbons, surfactants, and solubilizers. The usage of AFFF and the disposal of AFFF-laden wastewater have the potential for an adverse impact on the environment. The results of this study suggests that the dispersion of AFFF agents in the marine environment should not have a significant impact on marine life. Dilution of the 6-percent solution used for fire-fighting operations by wave and tidal activity results in concentrations that can be considered mildly toxic or nontoxic to marine life. The FC-78oB AFFF is not toxic to the marine algo Dunaliella at concentrations up to 4.0 gm/liter. The estimated 96-hour LC50 for brine shrimp, Artemia salina, is between 4.0 and 6.0 gm/liter. These LC50 concentrations are in the range of those reported for other marine and freshwater organisms.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Jul 01, 1985
- Accession Number
- ADA160874
Entities
People
- S. M. Salazar