Calcium and Vitamin D Metabolism in Submariners. Carbon Dioxide, Sunlight, and Absorption Considerations
Abstract
A 42% decrease in 25(OH)vitamin D levels has been noted in subjects over the course of submarine patrols and is thought to be the result of prolonged sunlight deprivation. The influence of the submarine environment on absorption of ingested vitamin D has not been previously investigated. This study examines the vitamin D absorption patterns of 5 subjects at the beginning, middle, and end of a 69 day patrol on a normal diet and with no exposure to sunlight. It was found that the magnitude and pattern of absorption does not change appreciably. It is concluded that the absorption of vitamin D is not affected by the submarine environment and that any drop in 25(OH) vitamin D levels seen during patrol is caused by lack of sunlight, ultraviolet light in particular. Implications in terms of sunlight deprivation and calcium metabolism are discussed in a historical review of calcium and vitamin D investigations on submarines.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Jan 15, 1986
- Accession Number
- ADA166292
Entities
People
- David M. Sack
- K. R. Bondi
- M. Holick
Organizations
- Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory