Smoke and Obscurants; a Health and Environmental Effects Data Base Assessment. A First-Order, Environmental Screening and Ranking of Army Smokes and Obscurants
Abstract
An initial environmental screening and ranking is provided for each Army smoke and obscurant depending on smoke type and smoke generating device. This was done according to the magnitude of the impact area, the characteristic environmental concentration, the relative inhalation toxicity, the relative toxicity when ingested concentration, the relative inhalation toxicity, the relative toxicity when ingested by animals, the aquatic toxicity, the environmental mobility when freshly deposited, and the ultimate mobility and fate in the environment. The major smoke types considered were various forms of white phosphorus, red phosphorus, hexachlorethane-derived smokes (HC), fog-oil (SGF-2), diesel fuel smokes (DF), and some infrared obscuring agents. The results were ranked according to: Device Impact Area and Environmental Concentration; Inhalation Toxicity and Air Concentration Quotient; Oral Toxicity and Ingestion Quotient; Aquatic Toxicity Quotient; Short-Term and Long-Term Mobility in the Environment; and Overall Environmental Importance.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Feb 01, 1985
- Accession Number
- ADA175956
Entities
People
- Joseph H. Shinn
- Lawrence B. Gratt
- Patrica L. Cederwall
- Stanley A. Martins
Organizations
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory