Water Quality Criteria for Colored Smokes: Solvent Green 3
Abstract
The available data on the environmental fate, aquatic toxicity, and mammalian toxicity of Solvent Green 3, an anthraquinone dye used in colored smoke grenades, were reviewed. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) guidelines were used in an attempt to generate water quality criteria for the protection of human health and of aquatic life and its uses. Colored smoke grenades are formulated and loaded at the Pine Bluff Arsenal, Arkansas. During typical production of pyrotechnic items, approximately 1 to 2 percent of the smoke formulation is released into the aquatic environment. The primary aquatic system receiving these discharges is the Arkansas River and associated drainages. The hydrophobic nature of Solvent Green 3 indicates that, when released into aquatic systems, the dye should occur in a particulate form that may be deposited in the bottom sediments. Solvent Green 3 alone is not mutagenic in the Salmonella Reversion Assay. The dye, tested in a mixture with Solvent Yellow 33, gives positive mutagenic responses in the Salmonella Reversion Assay and the Mouse Lymphoma Assay; the data indicate that the positive responses may be attributed to Solvent Yellow 33. Solvent Green 3 is not teratogenic in rats or rabbits, and the dye is also not carcinogenic in the Mouse Lung Tumor Bioassay.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Dec 01, 1987
- Accession Number
- ADA190691
Entities
People
- Kowetha A. Davidson
- Patricia S. Hovatter
Organizations
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory