Piezoelectric and Electrostrictive Materials for Transducer Applications. Volume 3.
Abstract
In the course of the development of a phenomenological theoretical model for the whole lead zirconate-titanate solid solution system, it was found that some of the required experimental information was missing. To permit these required measurements, pure homogeneous ceramic samples of specific PZT compositions were fabricated from sol-gel derived powders. This paper describes the preparation and characterization of these required compositions. High-purity lead acetate, titanium isopropoxide, and zirconium n-propoxide were used as precursors to form PZT powders using a sol-gel technique. X-ray powder diffraction was used to study the effect of calcining time and temperature from 400 to 900 C. The submicron-size calcined powders were sintered at temperatures from 1000 to 1250 C, depending on the composition, into high density (96 to 97% of the theoretical density) ceramic bodies with uniform microstructure. Excess lead oxide was included in the starting powders to control the lead stoichiometry and to act as a transient liquid phase to facilitate gain growth and densification by eliminating the porosity in the ceramics during sintering. The effects of density and of a second phase of lead oxide in the grain boundaries on the dielectric properties and poling characteristics are discussed.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Mar 01, 1988
- Accession Number
- ADA194955
Entities
People
- G. R. Barsch
- J. V. Biggers
- Leslie Eric Cross
- Robert E. Newnham
Organizations
- Pennsylvania State University