Sound Propagation in Bubbly Liquids. A Review

Abstract

This report considers the propagation of plane sound waves in a liquid containing a homogeneous distribution of small, nondiffusing gas bubbles. We have concentrated on the basic theories of Wood and Kennard for phase speed in equilibrium conditions, and at finite frequencies, respectively. A derivation of phase speed from first principles indicates the Wood's equation is an accurate approximation for dilute mixtures of gas bubbles in a liquid. The conditions under which Wood's equation does not apply are discussed based on the analytic expressions obtained from the fundamental derivation. Kennard's equation is based on assumptions which have not been critically examined, particularly in regard to the compressibility model on which is based, and on the frequency dependence of the relevant damping coefficients. Keywords: Sound speed; Bubbly liquids; Wood's equation; Two phase media.

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Document Details

Document Type
Technical Report
Publication Date
Apr 05, 1989
Accession Number
ADA207377

Entities

People

  • S. Temkin

Organizations

  • United States Naval Research Laboratory

Tags

Communities of Interest

  • Air Platforms
  • C4I
  • Space

DTIC Thesaurus Topics

  • Acoustic Propagation
  • Acoustic Waves
  • Acoustics
  • Climate Change
  • Energy
  • Equations
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Fluid Mechanics
  • Frequency
  • Heat Transfer
  • Measurement
  • Particles
  • Physics Laboratories
  • Relaxation Time
  • Resonant Frequency
  • Sound Waves
  • Thermodynamic Properties

Readers

  • Atmospheric Science / Meteorology, specifically Wind Wave Turbulence.
  • Fluid Dynamics.
  • Regression Analysis.