Environmental Evaluation Work Group FY 1979 Studies of the Winter Navigation Demonstration Program: Waterfowl, Waterbirds, and Raptors Study, St. Lawrence River. Part 2. Glaciology--Pool Characteristics.
Abstract
Although aerial ice reconnaissance and aerial photomapping of the St. Lawrence River during winter have been carried out for a number of years, little attention has been directed to pools as a winter habitat for birds. These studies are a first attempt at describing those pools. On the basis of pool characteristics, the section of the St. Lawrence River influenced by possible demonstration voyages was classified into five glaciological reaches. These are: 1) Brockville Narrows, 2) Morristown Point to Ogdensburg, 3) Ogdensburg Ice Boom, 4) Galop Island Ice Boom, and 5) Iroquois Dam. The pools have three principle origins. One is upwelling currents, caused by deep rough, river bed conditions, as well as by the presence of islands and shoals in deep shallower areas. Another is currents; where currents were approximately 3.0 to 5.0 ft/sec, pools were found. Lastly is the placement of engineering structures, e.g., ice booms and dams. Keywords: River currents; Aerial photograph indexes; Aerial ice charts; Navigation charts; Measurement techniques; Classification of winter severity; Winter navigation; Open water habitats. (EDC)
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Jul 31, 1979
- Accession Number
- ADA215326
Entities
People
- Ernest W. Marshall