On the Control of Automatic Processes: A Parallel Distributed Processing Model of the Stroop Effect

Abstract

A growing body of evidence suggests that traditional views of automaticity are in need of revision. For example, automaticity has often been treated as an all-or-none phenomenon, and traditional theories have held that automatic processes are independent of attention. Yet recent empirial data suggests that automatic processes are continuous, and furthermore are subject to attentional control. In this paper we present a model of attention which addresses these issues. Using a parallel distributed processing framework we propose that the attributes of automaticity depend upon the strength of a process and that strength increases with training. Using the Stroop effect as an example, we show how automatic processes are continuous and emerge gradually with practice. Specifically, we present a computational model of the Stroop task which simulates the time course of processing as well as the effects of learning.

Open PDF

Document Details

Document Type
Technical Report
Publication Date
Jun 16, 1988
Accession Number
ADA218914

Entities

People

  • James McClelland
  • Jonathan D. Cohen
  • K. Dunbar

Organizations

  • Carnegie Mellon University

Tags

Communities of Interest

  • Materials and Manufacturing Processes

DTIC Thesaurus Topics

  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Classification
  • Cognitive Science
  • Computer Science
  • Contrast
  • Dynamic Range
  • Equations
  • Information Processing
  • Mental Processes
  • New York
  • Procurement
  • Psychology
  • Reaction Time
  • Security
  • Simulations
  • Symbols
  • United States

Readers

  • Parallel and Distributed Computing.
  • Solar Photovoltaics and Thermoelectric Devices.
  • Theoretical Analysis.