Evaluate and Characterize Mechanisms Controlling Transport, Fate, and Effects of Army Smokes in the Aerosol Wind Tunnel
Abstract
This report assesses the environmental fate and effects of mixed obscurant smokes comprised of White Phosphorus, Fog Oil (FO), and Hexachloroethane (HC) smokes. Overall, based on the environmental fate and effects of the individual obscurant smokes investigated previously significant synergistic effects are indicated in some instances. The chemistry of the FO and HC smokes following deposition to surfaces was generally consistent with their reported individual behavior. However, with WP, the combustion products or rates of conversion of polyphosphates to phosphate appear to be altered by the presence of FO and HC + FO, resulting in elevated levels of non-phosphate P. This may have influenced the higher than expected toxicity of mixed smokes containing WP. Similarly, there may be a potential interaction of HC-derived Cl- with the polyphosphates from WP combustion, which may influence the fate and effects of these mixed smokes. Deposition velocities, and thus dose rates, for the mixed smoke components (P, Zn, and Cl) were generally similar to those for single smoke exposures. Deposition velocities were highest for ponderosa pine and lowest with tall fescue. The effects of smoke mixtures on soil chemistry were not judged significant. In the mixed-smoke scenarios employing HC/FO/WP, contact phytotoxicity was greater than expected based on published single-smoke exposures.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Feb 01, 1990
- Accession Number
- ADA221799
Entities
People
- Bruce D. Mcveety
- Dominic A. Cataldo
- Harvey Bolton Jr.
- Michael W. Ligotke
- Peter Van Voris