Estimates of Shock Wave Attenuation in Snow
Abstract
A simple momentum model, assuming that snow compacts to its final density at negligible stress, is used to estimate shock wave attenuation in snow. Four shock loading situations are examined: a one-dimensional pressure impulse of finite duration and instantaneously applied pressure impulses for one-dimensional, cylindrical and spherical shock geometries. Calculations show that while a finite duration impulse is being applied, the shock pressure in snow is determined by the impulse pressure-time profile. After the pressure impulse has been applied, the one-dimensional shock pressure decay is the same as for an instantaneously applied pressure impulse and is proportional to the inverse square of the shock propagation distance. Hence, finite-duration pressure impulses delay the onset of shock attenuation in snow. This can result in more pressure attenuation near a shock source, where the positive phase duration of the shock is short, compared to shock waves farther from a source. Cylindrical waves have a maximum decay that is proportional to the inverse of the propagation radius to the fourth power (1/R(to the fourth power), and spherical waves have a maximum decay that is proportional to 1/R (to the sixth power). Amplitude decay for cylindrical and spherical shock waves can vary from (R-40)-2, when (R-R0)<<R0 (where R0 is the interior radius over which a pressure impulse per unit area is applied), to their maximum decay.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Oct 01, 1990
- Accession Number
- ADA230180
Entities
People
- Jerome B. Johnson
Organizations
- Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory