An Item Response Theory Model for Test Bias

Abstract

A multidimensional non-parametric IRT model of test bias is presented, providing an explanation of how individually-biased items can combine through a test score to produce test bias. The claim is thus that bias, though expressed at the item level, should be studied at the test level. The model postulates an intended-to-be-measured target ability and nuisance determinants whose differing ability distributions across examinee group cause bias. Multiple nuisance determinants can produce item bias cancellation, resulting in little or no test bias. Detection of test bias requires a valid subtest, whose items measure only target ability. A long-test viewpoint of bias is also developed.

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Document Details

Document Type
Technical Report
Publication Date
Jan 01, 1991
Accession Number
ADA231204

Entities

People

  • Robin Shealy
  • William Stout

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  • University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign

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