Natural Convection Heat Transfer in Water Near its Density Maximum
Abstract
This monograph reviews and summarizes to date the experimental and analytical results on the effect of water density near its maximum convection, transient flow and temperature structure characteristics: (1) in a vertical enclosure, (2) in a vertical annulus, (3) between horizontal concentric cylinders, (4) in a square enclosure, (5) in a rectangular enclosure, (6) in a horizontal layer, (7) in a circular confined melt layer , and (8) in bulk water during melting. In a layer of water containing a maximum density temperature of 4 degrees C, the onset of convection (the critical number) is found not to be a constant value as in the classical normal fluid but one that varies with the imposed thermal and hydrodynamic boundaries. In horizontal layers, a nearly constant temperature zone forms and continuously expands between the warm and cold boundaries. A minimum heat transfer exists in most of the geometries studied and, in most cases, can be expressed in terms of a density distribution parameter. The effect of this parameter on a cells formation, disappearance and transient structure is discussed, and the effect of split boundary flow on heat transfer is presented.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Dec 01, 1990
- Accession Number
- ADA233106
Entities
People
- Yinchao Yen
Organizations
- Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory