Smoking, Exercise, and Physical Fitness
Abstract
Research on smoking and physical activity provides strong evidence of smoking's negative impact and physical activity's positive impact on long-term health. However, evidence is lacking on the association between smoking and spontaneous exercise activity and the independent effects of these factors on physical fitness. The present study examined these factors in 3,045 Navy personnel. Smoking was clearly associated with lower exercise levels and lower physical endurance (cardiorespiratory and muscular) even after controlling for exercise. Smoking was not related to overall body strength (lean body mass) nor percent body fat after controlling for exercise. These findings suggests that both the direct and indirect links among smoking, exercise, and physical fitness should be explored in model's examining health.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Nov 30, 1990
- Accession Number
- ADA234658
Entities
People
- Terry A. Cronan
- Terry L. Conway
Organizations
- Naval Health Research Center