Mechanistic Investigation of Nanometer-Scale /Lithography at Liquid- Covered Graphite Surfaces
Abstract
Pulse-induced nanometer-scale lithography has been performed on graphite surfaces that are in contact with pure water or other organic liquids. Very reproducible control over the pit diameter was observed in aqueous solutions, and a well-defined voltage threshold was also apparent. Near the threshold voltage, 7 angstroms dia. x 2 angstroms high protrusions were formed, while larger initial pulse voltages resulted in pits of diameter 20 angstroms. The protrusions were stable to imaging, but could be transformed into pits with the application of a subsequent voltage pulse. These protrusions are probable metastable intermediates in the pit formation process that operates both in liquid and gaseous ambients.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- May 31, 1991
- Accession Number
- ADA237085
Entities
People
- Michael J. Heben
- Nathan S. Lewis
- Reginald M. Penner
Organizations
- California Institute of Technology