Active Mine Batteries with Long Shelf-Life. 1. Development of Li-Ion Conducting Polymeric Anode Films
Abstract
The Li/SOCl2 chemical couple represents the highest energy density electrochemical cell presently available, both with respect to volume and weight. The cell has an open circuit potential of 3.65V, a theoretical gravimetric energy density of 670 Wh/lb (1470 Wh/Kg), and a volumetric energy density of 33 Wh/in3 (2.0 Wh/cm3). Energy densities of up to 300 Wh/lb and 21 Wh/in(3) have been realized in practical D size Li/SOCl2 cells. Despite the attractive features such as high energy density, high load voltage and wide operational temperature range, some important problems persist hindering its widespread application. Notable among these is voltage delay, i.e., the initial depression of the cell voltage below 2.0V on load after prolonged storage, especially storage at 70 deg C followed by discharge at high rates and low temperatures. The Li anode instantaneously forms a protective film of LiCl on its surface when it comes in contact with the SOCI2/LiAlCl4 electrolyte. Although the reaction of Li and SOCl2 is strongly favored by thermodynamics, the formation of this LiCl film passivates the Li, kinetically hindering the reaction. Prolonged storage of the cell leads to an increase in the thickness of the LiCl film, and voltage delay is associated with this passivating film.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Apr 10, 1991
- Accession Number
- ADA245052
Entities
People
- D. M. Pasquariello
- K. M. Abraham
- Michael Hart
- W. P. Kilroy