An Investigation into Islamic Fundamentalism and an Assessment of Its Relationship with the Concept of Jihad
Abstract
Islamic fundamentalism and Jihad are terms which have become prominent over the last two decades but are frequently misunderstood as concepts. Fundamentalism essentially means reviving Islam with its original pure principles as outlined by Mohammad and as demonstrated by his own example. Jihad means active struggle in the path of Allah both against evil and against enemies who threaten Islam. Fundamentalism is a recurring theme in Islam which is a religion of continual renewal. Frequent attempts have been made to cleanse Islam of the potential impurities of mysticism and the secular influences of nationalism and modernization. Sunni and Shia fundamentalist movements present interesting contrasts as exemplified by the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt and Khomeini in Iran. The Sunnis have acted as a transnational 'conscience' of Islam without gaining power. The Shia appeal to emotion, through re-enactment of dramatic history, inspired fanatical martyrdom and produced a remarkable revolution. Jihad has been used by fundamentalists as a unifying and as an energizing force but with varying intensity. For the Brotherhood it meant obedience and loyalty; for Khomeini it meant struggle against the Great Satan, personified by America, and self-sacrifice at the command of the Ii-nam. Islam; Fundamentalism; Jihad.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Jun 05, 1992
- Accession Number
- ADA257142
Entities
People
- Alastair Campbell
Organizations
- United States Army Command and General Staff College