Heavy-Light Forces: Determining the Optimum Force Based on Forms of Action, Functions and Tempo
Abstract
This monograph identifies the different perspectives that heavy and light forces have when they analyze the elements of mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops available, and time (METT-T) during their estimate of the situation. Because the heavy and light perspective of METT-T differs, it is difficult for an integrating headquarters to efficiently and effectively identify all the factors of combat power that a heavy-light force can provide. A common criterion is proposed that enables the integrating staff to broaden their perspective by looking at the forms of action (attack and defend) developed by Carl von Clausewitz, the combat functions (reconnaissance, counter-reconnaissance, fix, create weakness, and maneuver) used by General Edwin H. Burba, Jr. and the elements of tempo (mobility, rate of movement, responsiveness to change) proposed by Brigadier General Richard E. Simpkin. The monograph examines historical examples from World War I, World War II, Southwest Asia, and the National Training Center. A METT-T analysis highlights the situation of each unit during that period. Further analysis of the historical examples shows how a staff increases effectiveness and efficiency by using the three criteria to task the heavy and light forces. This process increases freedom of action, integration of tactical capabilities, and the ability to act faster than the enemy. Finally, the monograph provides some insights on how a staff can use the three criteria for planning. The conclusion provides recommendations for improving doctrine, organization, and training of heavy and light force combinations to broaden Army perspectives.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Dec 01, 1992
- Accession Number
- ADA262745
Entities
People
- James M. Moon
Organizations
- United States Army Command and General Staff College