The Influence of a Bubbly Layer on Near-Surface Acoustic Propagation and Surface Loss Modeling
Abstract
The impact of refraction, attenuation, and scattering due to a near- surface bubbly layer on acoustic propagation modeling can be significant in sensitive surface duct and shallow water environments. Hall (J. Acoustic. Soc. Am. 86(3), September 1989) presents a semi-empirical acoustic model to determine the propagation effects of the bubbly layer on one-way horizontal transmission in a surface duct. Expressions for the depth-dependent complex sound speed and attenuation are used to extend the Hall model to the general near-surface acoustic interaction problem. The rough surface scattering at the air-sea interface and the propagation through the subsurface bubbly layer are treated independently in a simplified approach toward examining the impact of bubbles on modeled surface duct and shallow water transmission loss. The dependence of the 'effective' surface loss on grazing angle and wind speed is analyzed in the frequency band of approximately 0.5-5 kHz.... Attenuation, Damping, Shallow water, Bubbles, Grazing angle, Surface duct, Bubbly layer, Refraction, Surface loss.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Dec 11, 1992
- Accession Number
- ADA263197
Entities
People
- Raymond J. Christian
Organizations
- Naval Undersea Warfare Center