Foundations for Measuring the Development and Emergence of Leadership Behavior
Abstract
This report provides an overview of previous models of leadership and describes how work on transformational and transactional leadership complements and extends those previous models. A brief critique of previous leadership conceptualizations is provided. The measurement methods used in the past and their strengths and weaknesses are described. Additionally, the steps taken to develop construct valid leadership measurement approaches to be used in measuring a full range of leadership are discussed. Of particular relevance are three developments: (1) A model that goes beyond earlier taxonomies of leadership (e.g., task vs. relationship orientation) and covers the full range of leadership; (2) A critical incident methodology and categorization scheme that can be used to assess the full range of leadership behavior qualitatively; and (3) A behavior observation methodology that can be used to record incidents of leadership in many other settings. The model of leadership developed in this study does not rely on only one paradigm. It emphasizes the transformational- transactional continuum, but also includes components of earlier models. Included in this full range model are transformational and transactional behavior, contingent and noncontingent punishment, initiation of structure and consideration, and managerial decision styles ranging from highly directive to delegative.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Sep 01, 1993
- Accession Number
- ADA273108
Entities
People
- Alan Lau
- Bernard Brass
- Bruce Avolio
- Leanne Atwater
Organizations
- Virginia Military Institute