Removal of Excess Fluoride From Drinking Water.
Abstract
COMMENCING JUNE 24, 1977, COMMUNITIES THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES ARE REQUIRED TO COMPLY WITH THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY NATIONAL INTERIM PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATION DATED 24 DECEMBER 1975. THIS REPORT IS BASED UPON PILOT PLANT EXPERIMENTS AND PLANT DATA WHICH USED GRANULAR F-i ACTIVATED ALUMINA (MESH SIZE 28 TO 48) MANUFACTURED BY ALUMINUM COMPANY OF AMERICA. THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF FLUORIDE REMOVAL TECHNOLOGY ARE: (1) OPTIMIZE THE ENVIRONMENT FOR - (?)SORBING OF FLUORIDE IONS TO ACTIVATED ALUMINA SURFACES. (2) PREVENT COMPETING IONS FROM OCCUPYING ALUMINA SURFACES WHICH ARE TO BE RESERVED FOR FLUORIDE IONS.(3) UPON REGENERATION OF AN EXPENDED TREATMENT BED, TAKE ALL STEPS NECESSARY TO REMOVE ALL FLUORIDE IONS FROM THE BED PRIOR TO RETURN TO TREATMENT. THERE ARE FOUR MODES OF OPERATION: TREATMENT, BACKWASH, REGENERATION AND NEUTRALIZATION. OPERATIONAL DETAILS FOR EACH MODE ALONG WITH OTHER IMPORTANT CRITERIA ARE PROVIDED IN THIS REPORT. -BKA
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Jan 01, 1978
- Accession Number
- ADA290335
Entities
Organizations
- Environmental Protection Agency