First-Order Acoustic Wave Equations and Scattering by Atmospheric Turbules.
Abstract
A new turbulence model is used to describe the acoustical scattering from atmospheric turbulence. A complete set of fluid equations, including the heat flow equation with zero conductivity, is presented for an ideal gas atmosphere. From this set, a complete set of coupled linear differential equation is derived for the acoustic pressure, temperature, mass density, and velocity in the presence of stationary turbulence. From these acoustic wave equations, expressions for acoustic scattering cross sections are derived for individual localized stationary scalable turbules of arbitrary morphology and orientation. Averages over random turbule orientations are also derived. Criteria for comparability of orientationally averaged turbules with different envelope functions are presented and applied, and cross sections for Gaussian and exponential envelopes are compared. The azimuthal dependence of the velocity scattering cross section for a spherically symmetric nonuniformly rotating turbule is illustrated. It is shown that, for incoherent scattering, a collection of randomly oriented turbules of arbitrary morphology may be replaced by an 'equivalent' collection of spherically symmetric, nonuniformly rotating turbules with randomly directed rotation axes.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Aug 01, 1997
- Accession Number
- ADA328618
Entities
People
- George H. Goedecke
- Harry J. Auvermann
- Michael Deantonio
Organizations
- United States Army Research Laboratory