Methods for Field Studies of Effects of Military Smokes, Obscurants, and Riot-Control Agents on Threatened and Endangered Species. Volume 2: Methods for Assessing Ecological Risks.
Abstract
Smokes, obscurants, and riot-control agents constitute a diverse group of chemical compounds that are released into the environment during military training exercises. Concern has been expressed over the use of these compounds and how they may adversely affect threatened and endangered (T&E) species that reside on military reservations. To evaluate if smokes and obscurants present a hazard to T&E species, the appropriate data must be collected. These data must be adequate to evaluate both direct ecological effects (effects to T&E species that result from direct exposure to smokes or smoke residues) and indirect ecological effects (effects on T&E species that result from effects of smokes on habitats of T&E species or on species upon which T&E species depend). This report presents an approach for the selection of methods suitable to evaluate the ecological risks that smokes and obscurants present to T&E species, summarizes available sampling, survey, and toxicity testing methods, and outlines an approach for estimating risks based on weighing multiple lines of evidence. Volume 1 of this series will be an overview of the entire study and will include information on applicable regulations. Volume 3 will discuss strategies for developing a statistically sound approach to assessing effects of military smokes and obscurants. Volume 4 will discuss appropriate chemical analysis methods.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Sep 01, 1997
- Accession Number
- ADA333828
Entities
People
- B. A. Carrico
- B. E. Sample
- L. A. Kszos
- M. S. Nazerias
- T. L. Ashwood
Organizations
- Construction Engineering Research Laboratory