Transducer Design Experiments for Ground-Penetrating Acoustic Systems

Abstract

The transmission of impulsive acoustic signals into a homogeneous soil medium was investigated. Measurements performed using a piezoelectric driver and a hydrophone as the acoustic sources demonstrate that both types of transmitters (positioned at the air soil interface) are capable of producing acoustic waves in soil. The relative strength of the acoustic signals produced by each source was found to be approximately equal. The angular distribution of acoustic energy transmitted into the soil was found to be omnidirectional. Accelerometers buried within a 1.2 m deep soil box were used to measure the attenuation of acoustic signals as a function of frequency. The attenuation was observed to increase with increasing frequency from a value of approximately 8 dB/ft at 1 kHz to 35 dB/ft at 8 kHz. Measurements of the wave motion at the air soil interface induced by a surface mounted transmitter show that large amplitude surface waves are produced by both types of transmitters. The amplitudes of the observed surface waves were large in comparison to the estimated amplitude of signals produced by subsurface scattering of acoustic waves. A longitudinal wave receiver designed to reduce the amplitude of surface waves in favor of acoustic waves scattered from subsurface targets was successfully tested.

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Document Details

Document Type
Technical Report
Publication Date
Mar 19, 1996
Accession Number
ADA350026

Entities

People

  • E. G. Eckert
  • J. W. Maresca Jr

Tags

Communities of Interest

  • Sensors

DTIC Thesaurus Topics

  • Accelerometers
  • Acoustic Measurement
  • Acoustic Propagation
  • Acoustic Signals
  • Acoustic Waves
  • Amplitude
  • Doppler Effect
  • Frequency
  • Frequency Bands
  • Hydrophones
  • Intensity
  • Measurement
  • Scattering
  • Sound Waves
  • Surface Waves
  • Transducers
  • Transmitters

Fields of Study

  • Physics

Readers

  • Agricultural Chemistry/Soil Science
  • Atmospheric Science / Meteorology, specifically Wind Wave Turbulence.
  • Radar Systems Engineering.