Upper Atmospheric Modeling for Mars Global Surveyor Aerobraking Using Least Squared Processes

Abstract

Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) will be performing an aerobraking maneuver to move from its highly elliptical initial orbit to its final nearly circular mapping orbit. This maneuver will occur from September 1997 to approximately September 1998. To accomplish this maneuver safely and quickly, it will be necessary to accurately know the atmospheric environment at aerobraking altitudes (approximately 100-140 kilometers above the surface of the planet). One way of accomplishing this is by using accelerometer data from the spacecraft. The method of least squares is used to fit density measurements determined from the accelerometer data, which results in an empirical model that characterizes the atmosphere. This can be done by breaking the data up into regions of interest or by taking the entire data set, resulting in different types of atmospheric information. The hydrostatic equation is the governing equation for the models assuming three different temperature profiles: constant, linear, and Bates. The least squares solution yields information about density, temperature, scale height, pressure, and atmospheric variability. This information is fed back to the navigation team and the atmospheric advisory group to aid in the orbital correction decision making process. Also, this information will be compared over time to determine latitudinal, diurnal, and seasonal trends in the Martian atmosphere. This will lead to a more accurate atmospheric model than those currently being used.

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Document Details

Document Type
Technical Report
Publication Date
Aug 17, 1998
Accession Number
ADA351443

Entities

People

  • Brandon Wilkerson

Organizations

  • George Washington University

Tags

Communities of Interest

  • Space

DTIC Thesaurus Topics

  • Artificial Satellites
  • Atmospheric Disturbances
  • Atmospheric Sciences
  • Attitude Control Systems
  • Control Systems
  • Data Sets
  • Dynamic Pressure
  • Elliptical Orbits
  • Equations
  • Least Squares Method
  • Measurement
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Molecular Weight
  • Numerical Analysis
  • Solar Panels
  • Spacecraft
  • Stratified Fluids

Fields of Study

  • Environmental science

Readers

  • Mathematics or Statistics
  • Space Exploration and Orbital Mechanics.

Technology Areas

  • Space
  • Space - Orbital Debris