Copper Loading to U.S. Navy Harbors Norfolk, VA; Pearl Harbor, HI; and San Diego, CA

Abstract

This document identifies several sources of copper loading into four Navy harbors within the continental United States and Hawaii. The degree of copper loading as dissolved copper is quantified by source within each harbor. Although copper sources and their respective percent of the total load vary between harbors, some similarities are apparent. Hull anti-fouling bottom paint leachate is the principal dissolved copper source in all harbors followed by certain vessel flow-through discharges. Other sources were calculated to be smaller loading factors, sometimes contributing less than 1% of the total dissolved copper load. The dissolved copper calculations in this report are based on numerous assumptions, which in turn were supported by data that also varied in terms of quality and availability. Consequently, some loading estimates are considered potentially more accurate than others.

Open PDF

Document Details

Document Type
Technical Report
Publication Date
Dec 01, 1998
Accession Number
ADA359241

Entities

People

  • A.o. Valkirs
  • H. D. Johnson
  • J. G. Grovhoug

Organizations

  • Naval Information Warfare Systems Command

Tags

Communities of Interest

  • Ground and Sea Platforms

DTIC Thesaurus Topics

  • Aircraft Carriers
  • Amphibious Operations
  • Antifouling Coatings
  • Boats
  • Chemical Elements
  • Chemical Synthesis
  • Chemistry
  • Drainage Basins
  • Environment
  • Environmental Management
  • Environmental Protection
  • Landing Craft
  • Marine Terminals
  • Marine Transportation
  • Naval Vessels
  • Naval Warfare
  • Navy

Fields of Study

  • Environmental science

Readers

  • Coastal and Marine Engineering/Sediment Transport/Hydraulic Engineering
  • Environmental Engineering
  • Structural Dynamics.