Evaluation of the Effects of AFFF Inputs on the VIP Biological Nutrient Removal Process and Pass-Through Toxicity.
Abstract
This report discusses the results of a bench scale study conducted to evaluate the potential inhibitory effects of pretreated AFFF wastewater to the Virginia Initiative Plant (VIP) biological nutrient removal process. The pretreatment scenarios included use of defoamers and use of Fenton's reagent as a strong oxidant. Under this testing' bench-scale reactors simulating the nitrification process were loaded with three AFFF concentrations that were pretreated by defoamers and three AFFF concentrations treated with Fenton's reagent. The pretreatment results with defoamers demonstrated that effluent ammonia nitrogen concentrations for Defoamer # 8710 were higher than the effluent ammonia levels for the Defoamer AF 9020 indicating a better pretreatment and less nitrification inhibition for the latter defoamer. Fenton's reagent was used to pretreat AFFF at concentrations 60 ppm, 120 ppm, and 480 ppm. There were no nitrification inhibition at 60 ppm and 120 ppm AFFF wastewater pretreated with the Fenton's reagent as compared to the controls. Oxidation with Fenton's reagent was more effective than the defoamers used in pretreating AFFF. The nitrification inhibition potential decreased at concentrations greater than 60 ppm however, nitrification inhibition occurred at 480 ppm AFFF pretreated with Fenton's reagent. In all of the pretreatment alternatives used, the inhibition reactor effluents exhibited pass-through toxicity to mysid shrimp at AFFF concentrations 60 ppm or greater, whereas the effluent was not toxic to the sheepshead minnows.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Jan 01, 1999
- Accession Number
- ADA360364
Entities
People
- Gary C. Schafran
- Mujde Erten-unal
Organizations
- Old Dominion University