The Center of Gravity Debate Resolved
Abstract
This paper examines the question whether systems theory, and the concepts of systems-shock and the center of gravity are compatible and have any utility in military planning. Currently there is a debate between systems theory proponents who argue that Clausewitz's center of gravity is obsolete and no longer has any utility in modem warfare. Others argue that not only is the concept of center of gravity still valid, it is the essence of military planning that focuses military effort. The evidence clearly shows that if the current systems-based concept of center of gravity, as defined in joint doctrine, is used, the concepts are compatible. However, if the definition is the traditional Clausewitzian concept, they are not compatible. The historical examples of the Battle of France, Operation Just Cause, and Operation Desert Storm demonstrate this. Systems theory, systems-shock and the center of gravity are not only compatible; they need each other to be of utility. Planners need systems theory, to explain the complex and adaptive nature of modem societies and militaries. They need it to correctly identify and describe centers of gravity and decisive points. Without systems theory, planners would resort to the obsolete, Clausewitzian concept of the center of gravity and attempt to identify the greatest concentration of combat power as the center of gravity. If this concentration existed it would lead to clashes of strength and costly attrition warfare that otherwise might be avoided. Clausewitzian concentrations of power however, rarely exist. Generally modem militaries and societies do not create such obvious targets. They disperse power across various systems and link or network them so they can concentrate power when needed and then rapidly disperse it for survivability. Systems theory explains this linking and networking process and how these linkages and enabling systems can become centers of gravity or decisive points.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Dec 16, 1998
- Accession Number
- ADA366263
Entities
People
- Dale C. Eikmeier
Organizations
- United States Army Command and General Staff College