Effects of Diesel-Water Emulsion Combustion on Diesel Engine NOx Emissions
Abstract
This study examines the effects of combusting a mixture of diesel fuel, water, and surfactant on the nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from a compression ignition diesel engine. Extensive previous research in the literature has attributed the observed reduction of nitrogen oxide emissions to a suppression of flame temperature due to quenching effects from the water, thereby reducing thermal NOx formation. The report highlights the relevant theory, operation, and design parameters of diesel internal combustion engines. Experimental procedures conducted using a Detroit Diesel 4-cylinder diesel engine are discussed. Results from testing diesel fuel with varying ratios of water balanced with a surfactant to stabilize the emulsion are presented and discussed. The data shows significant NOx emission reduction with up to 45 percent water, by volume, in the fuel. These results are correlated with thermodynamic first law and equilibrium combustion products analyses to estimate the adiabatic flame temperature of the standard fuel and fuel-water emulsion cases. Results indicate that thermal NOx is indeed reduced by quenching and flame temperature suppression, confirming reports in the literature. Recommendations are given for further studies, including improving the fuel-water emulsion and considerations for long-term testing.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- May 01, 1999
- Accession Number
- ADA366907
Entities
People
- Alan C. Canfield
Organizations
- Applied Research Associates (United States)