Working Memory, Controlled Attention and Task Switching
Abstract
Eight sets of studies are reported that support a model my colleagues and I have developed which views WM as a system consisting of those long-term memory traces active above threshold, the procedures and skills necessary to achieve and maintain that activation and limited-capacity, controlled attention. The specific features of this model include: (1) Domain-free, limited-capacity controlled attention, (2) Domain-specific codes and maintenance (articulatory loop and visuo/spatial sketchpad are two examples but the potential number of such codes is large), (3) Individual differences in both 1 and 2, but individual differences in capacity for controlled processing are general and probably the mechanism underlying general fluid intelligence. While people can, with practice and expertise, circumvent the abiding limitations of controlled attention in quite specific situations, the limitations re-emerge in novel situations and even in the domain of expertise if the situation calls for controlled processing. (4) Limited-capacity controlled processing is required for maintaining temporary goals in the face of distraction and interference, and for blocking, gating and/or suppressing distracting events. (5) The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) and associated structures mediate the controlled processing functions of WM. We also argue that individual differences in controlled-processing represent differences in functioning of the PFC.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Mar 31, 2000
- Accession Number
- ADA375952
Entities
People
- Michael J. Kane
- Randall Engle
Organizations
- Georgia Tech Research Corporation