Searching for Tracks Imaged as Symbols or Realistic Icons: A Comparison Between Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Displays

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3-D) views of battle spaces generally depict military assets as miniature realistic icons. Little is known about a user's ability to accurately classify and identify realistic icons. We found in a previous study that participants could name a conventional two-dimensional (2-D) military symbol faster than a realistic three-dimensional (3-D) icon. In Experiment 1 of the current work, participants were required to search for tracks represented as flat military symbols or realistic icons displayed in a 2-D top-down view or a 3-D perspective view. Tracks were differentiated by the attributes of identity, affiliation, heading, speed, altitude, and attitude. Tracks imaged as symbols were easier to find than tracks imaged as icons when searching for identity and affiliation in 2-D and 3-D. Icons were easier to find than symbols in 2-D and 3-D when searching for speed. When searching for heading, icons were easier to find in 2-D while symbols were easier to find in 3-D. No differences were found for track altitude or attitude.

Open PDF

Document Details

Document Type
Technical Report
Publication Date
Apr 01, 2001
Accession Number
ADA389854

Entities

People

  • H. M. Oonk
  • H. S. Smallman
  • M. B. Cowen
  • M. St. John

Organizations

  • Naval Information Warfare Systems Command

Tags

Communities of Interest

  • Air Platforms
  • C4I
  • Human Systems
  • Weapons Technologies

DTIC Thesaurus Topics

  • Aircrafts
  • Altitude
  • Department Of Defense
  • Engineering
  • Human-Machine Interaction
  • Identification
  • Identities
  • Military Research
  • Motor Skills
  • Naval Operations
  • Naval Warfare
  • Navy
  • Psychology
  • Situational Awareness
  • Three Dimensional
  • Two Dimensional
  • Warfare

Readers

  • Applied Combinatorial Optimization and Logic Circuit Design.
  • Computer Vision.
  • Human-Computer Interaction (HCI).

Technology Areas

  • Space
  • Space - Space Objects