360-Degree Feedback: A Powerful Tool for Leadership Development and Performance Appraisal
Abstract
360-DEGREE FEEDBACK IS A POWERFUL MULTI-DIMENSIONAL LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT TOOL THAT DRAWS UPON THE KNOWLEDGE OF PEOPLE WITHIN A PERSON'S OWN CIRCLE OF INFLUENCE: SUPERVISORS, PEERS, AND DIRECT REPORTS. It is most widely used for development, yet many organizations also use it for administrative purposes. This thesis examines the efficacy of 360- degree feedback through an in-depth research review that establishes when 360-degree feedback is effective and what conditions enhance or detract from its effectiveness. The thesis explains how 360-degree feedback was developed and examines its rapid growth in popularity. The argument for multi-dimensional performance feedback is then discussed in errs of four factors that have changed the role of leadership as we have moved from the Industrial Age/Cold War to globalization and the Information Age. As leadership's roles change, so must the goals of leadership development. A review of successful organizations reveals that many are using 360-degree feedback for modem leadership development, reinforced by similar systems for administrative performance appraisal. Research on 360-degree feedback reveals effectiveness conditions, design and implementation considerations, and four categories of potential benefits. Large Group Interventions with Appreciative Inquiry for collaborative design/implementation and positive change management also are discussed. The thesis ends with strong recommendations for the use of 360-degree feedback for both Navy leadership development and administrative appraisal.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Mar 01, 2001
- Accession Number
- ADA390816
Entities
People
- David C. Nystrom
Organizations
- Naval Postgraduate School