Freeze Concentration of Pinkwater
Abstract
The freeze concentration process was evaluated as a method of concentrating munitions wastes. A bench-scale study was conducted at the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) using pinkwater obtained from McAlester Army Ammunition Plant (AAP) in McAlester, Oklahoma. A special apparatus was constructed that allowed a sample to be frozen at a constant freezing rate. Six runs were conducted at different freezing rates. The results of this study show that the freeze concentration process is capable of meeting a 1.0 mg/L TNT discharge permit limit in the meltwater. However, the rate of freezing must be very slow to meet this criterion. An alternative would be to conduct multi-stage freezing at a higher freezing rate. Calculations show that the TNT limit could be achieved in six freezing cycles at 10 mm/hr.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Jan 01, 2002
- Accession Number
- ADA398637
Entities
People
- C. J. Martel
- Stephen W. Maloney
- Susan Taylor
Organizations
- Engineer Research and Development Center