Chlorine Dioxide: The State of Science, Regulatory, Environmental Issues, and Case Histories
Abstract
The use of chlorine by electric utilities and other surface water users to inhibit biofouling and the chlorination of wastewater by POTWs to eliminate the discharge of pathogenic organisms are widespread practices. A number of surface water users in the Great Lakes region recently expressed an interest in using chlorine to control the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) which was introduced from Europe in the mid-1980s. It is well known, however, that chlorine-produced oxidants may be toxic to aquatic life when discharged into receiving waters. In addition, chlorine reacts with ammonia and chlorinated hydrocarbons to form various chloramines and trihalomethanes, which have long half-lives and similar toxicities relative to free chlorine (Fisher et al. 1999).
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Feb 16, 2001
- Accession Number
- ADA403858
Entities
People
- Daniel J. Fisher
- Dennis T. Burton