Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Propagation Formulas for Dipole Sources Radiating in a Spherical Earth-Ionosphere Waveguide

Abstract

Extremely low frequency (ELF) propagation formulas are derived for dipole sources radiating in a spherical earth-ionosphere waveguide. In these formulas, the earth and ionosphere boundaries are modeled as scalar surface impedances. The spherical waveguide formulas are applied to predict the electromagnetic fields produced by vertical and horizontal electric dipoles (located on the surface of the earth) at antipodal ranges for several frequencies and propagation conditions. These results are used to establish the maximum ranges of validity of ELF propagation formulas that are based on the earth-flattening approximation. Numerous derivations are given in the appendices.

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Document Details

Document Type
Technical Report
Publication Date
May 14, 2002
Accession Number
ADA405897

Entities

People

  • Joseph P. Casey

Organizations

  • Naval Undersea Warfare Center

Tags

Communities of Interest

  • Advanced Electronics

DTIC Thesaurus Topics

  • Asymptotic Series
  • Bessel Functions
  • Boundaries
  • Coordinate Systems
  • Differential Equations
  • Electric Fields
  • Electromagnetic Fields
  • Extremely Low Frequency
  • Frequency
  • Frequency Bands
  • Helmholtz Equations
  • Magnetic Fields
  • Naval Warfare
  • Phase Velocity
  • Plastic Explosives
  • Two Dimensional
  • Undersea Warfare

Fields of Study

  • Physics

Readers

  • Calculus or Mathematical Analysis
  • Phased Array Antenna Design.
  • Space/Atmospheric Physics.