Airpower in the Pacific. A Case Study in Innovation
Abstract
Being ready for future wars depends on understanding two aspects of innovation. One is common and often considered: the impact of changes in doctrine organization and technology on innovation during peacetime. Equally important however is an awareness of the adaptations commanders must make once combat begins and equipment or tactics do not work as planned. As Sir Michael Howard observed, "I am tempted to say, indeed to declare dogmatically, that whatever doctrine the armed forces are working on now, they have got it wrong." The objective, he added, is not being too badly wrong and having the flexibility to adapt quickly as the shooting starts. Inculcating flexibility is difficult. Contrary to the belief that innovation is easier to advance during actual operations, the inherent uncertainty of war makes it hard to discover what works and why. Moreover, commanders and combatants may not understand affinities among tactics, training, and equipment. Even if commanders identify areas of failure, change may be difficult. Institutional resistance doesn't vanish in war, and with lives at stake it can grow.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Jan 01, 2000
- Accession Number
- ADA407899
Entities
People
- Thomas E. Griffith Jr.
Organizations
- National Defense University