Physical and Chemical Factors Affecting Contaminant Hydrology in Cold Environments
Abstract
This report surveys some of the physical and chemical effects of cold temperatures that should be considered when developing a contaminant-transport model. This discussion begins with a working definition of cold regions for the purpose of contaminant hydrology modeling: an area with appreciable frozen ground and with a substantial fraction of the annual precipitation falling as snow. The chemical thermodynamics of geochemical solutions below 0 deg C is then reviewed. Particular attention is placed on the physical-chemical properties of ice and liquid water at subzero temperatures. Finally, models that estimate the liquid water content and hydraulic conductivity of frozen ground are discussed.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Dec 01, 2000
- Accession Number
- ADA408780
Entities
People
- Steven A. Grant
Organizations
- Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory