Toxicity of Nitro-Heterocyclic and Nitroaromatic Energetic Materials to Enchytraeid Worm.Enchytraeus Crypticus in a Natural Sandy Loam Soil
Abstract
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is developing Ecological Soil Screening Level (Eco-SSL) values for ecological risk assessment of contaminants at Superfind sites. Insufficient information for RDX, HMX, 2,4-DNT, 2,6-DNT, and TNB to generate Eco-SSLs necessitated standardized toxicity testing to fill the data gaps. The Enchytraeid Reproduction Test (ISO/16387:2001) was adapted using Enchytraeus crypticus in these studies. Tests were conducted in Sassafras sandy loam soil, which supports relatively high bioavailability of energetic materials. Weathering/aging procedures for amended soil were incorporated in the study to better reflect the exposure conditions in the field soils. Definitive toxicity tests conducted with both freshly amended and weathered/aged amended soils showed that EM toxicity order based on EC(sub 20) values for juvenile production in tests with E. crypticus was TNB > 2,4-DNT > 2,6-DNT > RDX with EC(sub 20) values of 45, 116, 194, and 585 mg kg(exp -1), respectively. The octahydro-1, 3, 5, 7 - tetranitrol, 3, 5, 7 - tetrazocine (HMX) did not adversely affect adult survival or juvenile production up to 21750 mg kg(exp -1) treatment. These study results will be provided to the Eco-SSL workgroup for review and inclusion in the Eco-SSL database, and for developing Eco-SSLs for RDX, HMX, 2,4-DNT, 2,6-DNT, and TNB.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Mar 01, 2004
- Accession Number
- ADA426163
Entities
People
- Carlton T. Phillips
- Jan E. Kolakowski
- Michael Simini
- Roman G Kuperman
- Ronald T. Checkai
Organizations
- Edgewood Chemical Biological Center