Modeling the User for Education, Training, and Performance Aiding
Abstract
If we are to present instruction that is available anytime and anywhere, takes advantage of the substantial tutorial efficiencies of one teacher for every student, and is affordable, we must have recourse to technology, specifically computer technology. Such technology can be used in instructional applications that range from drill and practice and tutorial dialogues, to multiplayer simulations and games. It can be used in stand-alone modes or it can be used to supplement classroom instruction. It can be used by individuals or by groups. In all cases, however, it must take account of the current state of the learner, the eventual state of the learner that the instruction is intended to produce, and the instructional techniques that reliably effect transitions from one state to the other. Models of the learner that represent these current and objective states must to an appreciable extent be models of the learner's cognition, which produces the skills, performance, and competence needed for success in all military operations. These models may be implicit as found in intrinsically programmed instruction, or they may be explicit. Both types may be seen in technology-based instruction from its beginning. Early explicit models were largely quantitative, involving fairly simple instructional paradigms, but fairly elaborate mathematics, including instructional applications of optimal control theory. Current efforts are more concerned with qualitative models, 19 of which are briefly described and discussed. These models all contribute to some degree to the efficiency and effectiveness of technologybased instruction. However, new challenges have arisen from today's uncertain, asymmetric operational environment, which may require responses that cannot be foreseen nor well prepared for in advance. Instead we must prepare our military forces and personnel to expect the unexpected and be prepared for it with individual and collective agility, creativity, and adaptability.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Apr 01, 2004
- Accession Number
- ADA428353
Entities
People
- John Dexter Fletcher
- Robert E. Foster
Organizations
- Institute for Defense Analyses