A Review of Multi-Threat Medical Countermeasures Against Chemical Warfare and Terrorism
Abstract
The list of military chemical threat agents has lengthened over the last century. World War I saw the development and deployment of edemagenic and choking agents such as chlorine, phosgene, and cyanide, and blister gases such as sulfur mustard (SM). 1-3 World War II cultivated Germany's development of nerve gases such as tabun, sarin, and soman,3-6 and this class of agent was used in the 1980 to 1988 Iraq-Iran conflict 7,8 and in the 1994 to 1995 terrorist attacks in Japan.9-11 The Cold War yielded more lethality refinements in nerve agents to include development of VX.12 Consistent with past experience, new threat agents with novel mechanisms of toxicity may evolve.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Nov 01, 2004
- Accession Number
- ADA442455
Entities
People
- Clarence A. Broomfield
- Fred M. Cowan
- Milos P. Stojiljkovic
- William J. Smith
Organizations
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense